1. What is the Friedewald Equation?

The Friedewald equation is a formula used to estimate LDL cholesterol levels without direct measurement. It calculates LDL-C using values for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald equation:

Where:

• \( LDL-C \) — Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( HDL-C \) — High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Note: This equation is less accurate when triglyceride levels are above 400 mg/dL.

3. Meaning of High Calculated LDL

Details: High LDL cholesterol (often called "bad cholesterol") increases your risk for heart disease and stroke. LDL carries cholesterol to arteries, where it can form plaque that narrows arteries and restricts blood flow.

LDL cholesterol categories:

• Optimal: Less than 100 mg/dL
• Near Optimal/Above Optimal: 100-129 mg/dL
• Borderline High: 130-159 mg/dL
• High: 160-189 mg/dL
• Very High: 190 mg/dL and above

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter your lipid panel values in mg/dL. All values must be positive numbers. For accurate results, ensure your triglyceride level is below 400 mg/dL.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is high LDL cholesterol concerning?
A: High LDL increases your risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke by contributing to plaque buildup in arteries.

Q2: What causes high LDL cholesterol?
A: Factors include diet high in saturated/trans fats, lack of exercise, obesity, genetics, certain medications, and medical conditions like diabetes.

Q3: How can I lower my LDL cholesterol?
A: Lifestyle changes include eating heart-healthy foods, exercising regularly, maintaining healthy weight, quitting smoking, and sometimes medication.

Q4: When is the Friedewald equation not accurate?
A: It's less reliable when triglycerides exceed 400 mg/dL, in non-fasting samples, or with certain medical conditions.

Q5: Should I consult a doctor about high LDL results?
A: Yes, always discuss cholesterol results with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized advice and treatment options.